2015硕士学位研究生入学资格考试GCT英语考前辅导教程

%PDF-1.2

3 0 obj

/Contents 4 0 R

>>

endobj

4 0 obj

stream

q 545.280029 0 0 675.840027 0 0 cm /Im1 Do Q

endstream

endobj

5 0 obj

45

endobj

6 0 obj

stream

??JFIF


?Adobed??? 








?






















[
!1AQa"q?2?”B#R裂3br?$4?CS⒉%DT5c狃衤s&

E6U?F'd?te怛３u?糜V泱7?ご脑漪??サ耪艴fv?(G?Χ浦骣)Wg89*w??Х亲琪HXhx??ǜ蓉桫IYiy??┕少轾:JZjz???授犏



 S
!1AQaq"?2?BR#”3裂疳br???CS4?sDT%5?

?E6UF'd?te怛３u?糜V泱7?ご脑漪??サ耪艴fv?(G?Χ浦骣)Wg89*w??Х亲琪HXhx??ǜ蓉桫IYiy??┕少轾:JZjz???授犏?


?
??$??$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$??+惨El/  %$?QI$?I$?焚叱]?ot?v.?s捅?h?I??%$?Y??Y?尹{???k蒯y?I!$?I$?I$?I$?K_???觫?h惋7QW?X4鹤???I%G;风黾?b玮]??溪??纛??vS?n4;4T?Y????Ij}??斫????

???h菏 ???m$?\?_?u?_S瓒Y]?`??Il?边j?傺??1?仃?|Q4?7?虎I$?I$?I$?I$?I%c'圭b噔痴仁?蚁?
?I%铸?n颗?ыh???=颗??a?$?b?话稠;m健?详┫ゼ&???$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$??y??y莼'?赆?Nk2饴~○I$?zI$?I$???惯[宣爪}/V'???nI%U$?I$?I$?I$?I$?^??姆???}?苯敕??k}Ng0j?)?I/育_??;?循v@痢?霉Hh)$?退盟廊~6^=阜??易封

I$??I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I.??催o槐g0|s?/垦???69＊I$??+??twj稞额???mnk?`wt?`" ??I|睨3?????薏n禊6鲳聍?/?萌$?K?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?I$?挚?牛????傈??`V痉荡V象?呸%?%$??????淇锫I$??唼3??K??柚9??Tz?I"???q????%??$?K?唧/矸 俐鲣?I|m?犒?c??p ?e$?TRI$?I%o棍.?y封DY柝骜??I$?髯?缜$?K??s??仆袒&???a?~?I$笨蕺衔｜t鞫U?uM????$??辋^???I!]?????迤?I$?I$?Itc???g?ums8?噫;?K\!$?D羁o>??W}ぬ锕?veV??

$?Ks?陲?镯Wa??k拘7??c^ivZ只?IZI$??k绊?y????j;镗??瘥Ol?6

iql聚O??8G??I$????恽??鲛?3rj?&$谯g^??\?#?I$?峋?O?膺:?唇?/TM7}6?畦??I$? ?I$?I+}?鞣??zr?=?S?????I$??w?膂?????厅芎?u?s?块?I%??彩瓶?+qc裒?汗v$?K鳗久cw锉f??Mne父L钗`?Z猾??彤鳇妞?K?y:????W???筱N65~^三?]稠佝泠??瑚3锏?m?9?s?????K??9罟С ?鲇k捐芪XW??R?I* $?I$?徘n???;??告???0?s}Z伶?:?)$???????er>?a溷c?U垴?钎?? ?

本书根据国务院学位委员会办公室最新颁布的《硕士学位研究生入学资格考试指南》将题型分为五个部分：词汇、基础语法、阅读理解、完型填空和会话技能，对每部分的命题原则、应试策略和重要注意事项进行了系统的介绍和总结，突出了GCT英语考试的重要考点，并附有大量的测试练习训练以及详尽的注释及答案，同时配有GCT英语运用能力测试题型分类介绍和2014年外语运用能力测试真题和答案，特别有助于广大考生在较短的时间内恢复和提高英语水平和应试能力，系统地备考，并顺利通过本次考试。
本书附赠上网学习卡一张(见封底)。学习卡提供了访问本书配套网上增值服务的密码。本书封面贴有清华大学出版社防伪标签，无标签者不得销售。