Unit 3 A taste of English humour using language课时作业

Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2017·北京高考)Hollywood's theory that machines with evil (邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well­known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论), put it this way："If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere (干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire."

　　A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in­born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.

　　The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work：we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.

　　Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams-yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just "switch them off" as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, "Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine." However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron­induced (中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.

　　篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。人工智能随着科技的发展可能超出人类的控制，人类应如何应对此类安全问题，文章对此进行了讨论。

　　1．Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________ .

　　A．run out of human control

　　B．satisfy human's real desires

　　C．command armies of killer robots

　　D．work faster than a mathematician

答案：A　段落大意题。由第一段中的"artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want"并结合本段内容可推断出，第一