2019-2020学年度人教版选修六Unit 2Poems Period3 Learning about Language学案

虚拟语气(二)

　　1．与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句

　　在该类条件句中，条件从句中的谓语动词用had＋过去分词，主句中的谓语动词用would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词。

　　If he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do.

　　如果他了解事实，他就能告诉我们怎样做。

　　If I had been less cautious, I might have been more wise.

　　如果我不那么谨慎，我或许更明智。

　　If he had received the present，he should have thanked her.

　　如果他收到了礼物，他是应当向她道谢的。

　　2．对将来情况假设的虚拟条件句

　　该类条件句表示将来实现的可能性不大。if从句中的谓语动词可以用三种形式，即should＋v., were to＋v.或动词的过去式，主句中的谓语动词用should/would/could/might＋v.。

　　If you dropped the glass, it would break.

　　杯子摔下来会打碎的。

　　If I were to go to the moon some day, I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes. ＝ If I should go to the moon some day. . . ＝ If I went to the moon some day. . .要是有一天我上了月球，我就能亲眼看到月球的表面是什么样子了。

　　If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

　　如果明天下雨，会议就将被推迟。

　　If there should be a flood, what should we do?

　　万一发生水灾，我们该怎么办？

　　注意：有时从句中的谓语动词由should＋动词原形构成，主句的谓语却不一定用虚拟语气，这种情况实现的可能性虽小，但也不是完全没有可能。

　　Ask her to ring me up if you should see her.

　　万一你见到她，让她给我打电话。

　　现将虚拟条件句的三种情况列表如下：

假设情况 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与过去事实相反 过去完成式(had＋过去分词) ＋have＋过去分词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be的过去式常用were) ＋动词原形 与将来事实相反 ①过去式②should＋动词原形③were to＋动词原形 3.有关虚拟条件句的几种情况