2019学年度外研版选修七Module3LiteraturePeriod 3 Grammar -- Inversion used for emphasis教案

■ Goal

● To learn about Inversion

■ Procedures

Step1: Learning about Inversion

倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。

一、从句子结构上看，倒装句可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。

1. 完全倒装

完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（使整个谓语动词，而非助动词），谓语形式不作变化。

In came the teacher.

比较该句的正常语序：The teacher came in.

完全倒装主要分以下几种情况：

(1) here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away 等副词置于句首时。例如：

Down fell the rotten branches from the tree.

There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.

注意：在这些副词引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，主语和谓语的位置就不能颠倒。例如：

Here comes the postman!

Out he rushed. (不能说：Out rushed he.)

(2) 在含有直接引语的句子中。例如："Where were you born?" asked the man

(3) 为了句子的平衡。例如：

Under that tree sits a beautiful girl, who is dressed in white.

Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.

如不倒装，句子的语序为：

A beautiful girl, who is dressed in white, sits under that tree.

He who has been enrolled into a famous university is lucky.

不难看出，不倒装的句子显得头重脚轻。

2. 部分倒装

部分倒装是只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。例如：

Not until yesterday did little John change his mind

Little do I know that what I said hurt her deeply.

部分倒装分以下一些情况

(1) only修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时。例如：

Only in this way can you learn from your mistakes.

Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.

(2) 含有否定意义的副词或连词。如：hardly, never, not only, little等放在句首时，例如：

Not a single mistake did he make.

Little does he care about what others think.