2019-2020学年度人教版必修五Unit 3 Life in the futurePeriod 3Learning about Language学案

　　Grammar：The Past Participle (3) as the Adverbial and Attribute

　　过去分词作状语和定语

　　1．过去分词作定语

　　单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语修饰名词，一般都放在所修饰的名词之后，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。

　　I have his written promise.我有他的书面承诺。

　　Those are finished products.那些是成品。

　　He is a man loved by all.他是个深受群众爱戴的人。

　　2．过去分词作状语

　　过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，表明原因、时间、条件等。

　　(1)作原因状语

　　Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.

　　＝Because he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.

　　Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.

　　＝As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.

　　(2)作时间状语

　　Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.

　　＝When the city is seen from the hill，it looks like a garden.

　　(3)作条件状语

　　Given more time，I would have worked out the problem.

　　＝If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.

　　(4)作伴随状语

　　The teacher came in，followed by some students.

　　＝The teacher came in and was followed by some students.

　　注意：分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。

　　Her grandfather being ill，she had to stay at home looking after him.

　　3．非谓语动词作定语的区别

　　(1)动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途。

　　a writing table＝a table for writing写字台

　　(2)现在分词一般式的主动语态作定语表示所修饰的人或物正在进行的动作(若为动作动词)，相当于进行时的主动语态的定语从句，或表示所修饰的人或物经常存在的一种状态(若为状态动词)，相当于一般时态的定语从句。

The boy playing the piano(＝The boy who is playing the piano) is my nephew.正在弹钢琴的那个男孩是我的侄子。