教学课题 人教版高二英语必修5 Unit 3 Life in the future同步教案（2） 教学目标 知识目标：熟悉过去分词作状语

能力目标：学会用英语写关于未来生活的文章。

情感态度价值观：能够了解泛读技巧，开拓创新思维，展望未来。 教学重点与难点 重点难点：熟练掌握过去分词作状语 教学过程

（一） 语法：过去分词作状语

知识梳理

一、 概念：

　过去分词作状语相当于一个被动语态的状语从句。过去分词作状语时，可放在句首，句中或句末，但放在句首的情况较多。

二、 过去分词作状语的情况

过

去

分

词

作

状

语 1）时间状语相当于when 引导的状语从句。

Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.(=When it is seen from the hill,......)

从山上看，城市显得更美。

When shot in the leg, he continued to fire back,(=When he was shot in the leg.......)

腿受伤后，他继续还击。 2) 作原因状语相当于because, as, since

引导的从句。这类状语多放在句子前半部分。 Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid,(=Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective,........)

有了著名的侦探的指点，姑娘不再害怕了。

Deeply shocked, I was unable to speak.(=As I was deeply shocked,.......)

我大为震惊，连话都说不出来了。 3) 作条件状语相当于if, unless 引导的从句。

Given more time, they would be able to do it better.(=If they were given more time,......)

如果多给一些时间，他们会博得更好。

I shall not go unless invited.(=I shall not go unless I am invited,) 除非受到邀请，否则我是不会去的。 4) 作伴随状语延续性动词的过去分词作

状语时，用来表示一个伴随的动作或状态，但一般不能改为状语从句，但可改为并列句。 The lady returned home, followed by Mr. Holmes (=

The lady returned home and (she) was followed by Mr. Holmes.)

姑娘回家，福尔摩斯跟在后面。

He turned away, disappointed.(=He turned away and (He) was disappointed)

他失望地转身离去。

5) 作方式状语过去分词作方式状语时，

多由as, as if, as though引导，并可改为相应的状语从句。 We did it as told to.(=We did it as we were told to.)

我们按要求做了。

He lay still as if beaten to death,(=He lay still as if he was beaten to death.)

他躺着一动也不动，好像被打死似的。 6) 作 6)作让步状语相当于although/though, even if/though 引导的从句。

Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.(=Thought he was wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.)

战士虽然受了伤，仍然勇敢作战。

Even if/thought invited, he won't go.(=Even if/thought he is invited, he won't go),

即使请他，他也不会去的。 7) 过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，需在过去分词前面加上主格的逻辑主语，这叫做独立主格结构。 All things considered, it is a good plan.

从全面考虑，这个计划是好的。

The job done, the farmers went home.

农民们干完活就回家了。

All the money spent, we started looking for work.

钱都花完了，我们开始找工作。

三、理清过去分词作状语时与句子的主语的关系 　　

　1)过去分词作状语时，过去分词与主句中的主语形成逻辑上的被动关系，有时也表示动作已完成。 例如：

　　Seen in the dark night, lights on top of tall buildings look like stars in the sky.

　　(seen表示被动，分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生)

　　Scolded by the teacher, the girl began to cry.

　　被老师责怪，女孩哭了起来。(scolded表示被动且动作已完成)

【考例1】____ into use in April 2000， the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.

　　 A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put

　　 【解析】选A。主句主语the hotline与put into use逻辑上是被动关系，排除B､C；D项表示正在进行的被动与句子意思不符。所以用过去分词put短语作状语。

　2)有些过去分词已经形成了系表结构，因此他们作状语时与主句的主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，但仍然用过去分词形式。例如：

　　 Lost in thought， she nearly ran into a tree. 　　 陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。

　　(lost意为"迷失的"，与逻辑主语连接起来相当于Because she was lost...，作原因状语)

与lost类似的过去分词还有disappointed， dressed， determined， devoted， tired， exhausted， prepared， seated， caught等。

【考例2】After his journey from abroad， Richard Jones returned home， ____.

　　 A. exhausted B. exhausting

　　 C. being exhausted D. having exhausted

　　 【解析】选A。exhausted意为"筋疲力尽的"，由过去分词演变成形容词作伴随状语。

四、注意过去分词作状语时在句中的位置　　

　　作状语的过去分词或短语可置于句子的前､后或中间，但是必须用逗号隔开以便与主句分开。

The PE teacher stood in the middle of the playground， surrounded by a group of students.

那位体育老师站在操场中间，被一群学生围着。(过去分词作伴随状语)

　【考例1】 ____ by the beauty of nature， the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

　　 A. Attracting B. Attracted

　　 C. To be attracted D. Having attracted

　　【解析】选B。句子的主语the girl与attract是动宾关系或说是被动关系，所以要用过去分词短语作状语。

五、掌握过去分词作状语与状语从句的变换 　　

　　过去分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间､原因､条件､方式､伴随､让步等。所以经常会遇到过去分词前带有once, when, while, if, as if, even if, though, unless等连词，我们将这种结构看成在连词与过去分词之间省略了与主句相同的主语和系动词be。例如：

　　Once published， this book will be popular with the students.=Once it is published， this book will be popular with the students.这本书一旦出版，它将会受到学生们的欢迎。(过去分词作时间状语。注：分词前once可省略)

【考例1】____ with the size of the whole earth， the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

　　 A. Compare B. When compared

　　 C. Comparing D. When comparing

【解析】选B。主句中的 the biggest ocean与compare形成逻辑上的被动关系，因此要用过去分词。

【考例2】No matter how frequently ____， the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

　　 A. performed B. performing

　　 C. to be performed D. being performed

【解析】选A。动词perform与句子的主语the works是动宾关系，故要选过去分词performed，实际上相当于让步状语从句No matter how they are frequently performed， ...。

巩固训练

一、完形填空。

　　The purpose of a letter of application is to help you to "sell" yourself. It should state 1 the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have 2. It should be simple, human, personal and brief without 3 out any necessary fact.

　　In writing a letter of application, keep in 4 that the things a possible employer is most 5 to want to know about are your qualifications(条件), your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. 6 the first few sentences fail to 7 the reader's attention, the rest of the letter may not be 8 at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not 9your own needs or desires. For example, instead of beginning with "I saw your 10 in today's paper." you might say "I have made a careful 11 of your advertising during the past six months" or "I have made a survey in my neighborhood to find out how many housewives 12 your product and why they like it."

　　Try to 13 generalities. Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now 14. College graduates looking for their first positions often ask "What can I 15 in a letter? Employers want experience, which, naturally, no 16 has." The answer is that everything you have ever done is 17.

　　It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 18 a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent 19 is to enclose(内附) a stamped, self-addressed envelope with your letter. That makes it 20 for a possible employer to get in touch with you.

1.A. clearly B. carefully C. obviously D. easily

2.A. found B. done C. known D. heard

3.A. sending B. taking C. leaving D. picking

4.A. brain B. sight C. order D. mind

5.A. probable B. possible C. likely D. able

6.A. While B. Although C. As D. If

7.A. pay B. win C. show D. fix

8.A. kept B. continued C. written D. read

9.A. to B. for C. into D. from

10.A. advertisement B. report C. article D. introduction

11.A. watch B. search C. study D. discussion

13.A. avoid B. remember C. protect D. gain

14.A. losing B. applying C. preparing D. fitting

15.A. offer B. supply C. mean D. provide

16.A. worker B. beginner C. owner D. manager

17.A. success B. development C. practice D. experience

18.A. Make B. Ask C. State D. Get

19.A. result B. decision C. promise D. idea

20.A. happier B. easier C. cheaper D. safer

二、真题演练

1. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

　　A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use

2. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.

A. having compared to B. comparing to

C. compare to D. compared to

3. into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.

　　A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated

4. in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park.

A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened

5. an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.

　　A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer

6. _____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.

A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see

7. Though _________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.

　A. surprising B. as surprised C. surprised D being surprised

8. ________（油漆成）red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)

9. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.

　　A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded

10. Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.

　　A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired

Key: 一、1-5 ABCDC 6-10 DBDAA 11-15 CDABD 16-20 BDADB

　　　二、1-5 CDBAC 6-10 AC painted BC

（二）单元写作任务--关于未来生活的报道

对于此话题作文，要注意两点：第一，主题是关于高新科学技术对生活的影响，既可以是好的方面，也可以是不良影响方面；第二，文章是属于应用文类型，结构要分明。

常用短语：

(1)对......产生很大影响: have a great effect on

(2)起很大作用：make a great difference

(3)改变人们的生活：change one's life

(4)得益于、从......获益benefit from

(5)与......有关联：relate to/ be linked to

(6)能使用：have access to/ be accessible to

(7)代替：take the place of

(8)致力于：devote oneself to

(9)实现：come true

(10)赶上：keep/catch up with

(11)与......不同：be different from/differ from

(12)使某人能做：enable sb to do sth

(13)把......考虑进去：take something into consideration

(14)引起某人的注意：catch/attract the attention of sb

(15)导致：lead to/contribute to/result in/ bring about

(16)在某方面起重要的作用：play an important role in

(17)提高人类的生活质量：improve the quality of life for humans

(18)为治疗疾病而进行一项研究：carry out a research in the hope of curing the illnesses

常用句型

(1)科学技术是第一生产力。

Science and technology are a primary productive force.

(2)随着互联网、个人电脑、3G手机的日益普及，我们的生活发生了巨大的变化或我们的生活精彩无限。(一句多译)

○With the Internet, PC, 3G cellphones becoming more and more popular, our life has greatly changed. (with复合结构)

○The popularity of the Internet, PC, 3G cellphones makes our life colorful. (make +复合宾语)

○Thanks to/ /Because of the popularity of the Internet, PC, 3G cellphones, our life is becoming more and more colorful. (介词短语)

►即学即练

根据以下内容，通过合理想象，用英语写一篇短文来展望未来科技新生活。

词数：100左右

1) 有些人可以到月亮上度假。

2) 有些科学家可能在海底生活。

3) 每家都有可视电话(view phone)，通过可视电话可以体检或购物。

4) 孩子可以在家通过电视和广播接受教育。

5) 机器人为你做家务。

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范文：

Sometimes I dream about life in the future. What will it be like? Perhaps some people will go to the moon for a holiday, and some scientists will live under the sea. Maybe we will have videophones in every home. We can have a medical examination or do some shopping without leaving our homes.

And I'm sure there'll be more educational programs on the radio or TV, so perhaps some children won't need to go to school every day. They'll study at home.

No people like doing housework. Maybe in the future each family will have a robot. Every day we can tell the robot what to do - shopping, housework and so on. I believe the dream will come true some day.