倒装句和强调句

I. 倒装句

　　倒装是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要或强调某一句子成分的需要。倒装包括完全倒装和部分倒装，有些异常语序也属于倒装。

1. 完全倒装

　　完全倒装是把句子的谓语全部置于主语之前。下列几种情况中多用完全倒装：

①地点状语位于句首，且主语是名词而谓语是不及物动词的陈述句。如：

On the top of the hill stands a tree.

②在"there + be / live / lie / stand等"结构中。如：

There is a man at the door wants to see you.

There lived an old fisherman in that house.

③当表示前面提出的某一情况也同样适合于后者时，通常要用"so / neither / nor +系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语"结构。如：

Henry is a teacher and so is his wife.

If James doesn't go there tomorrow, neither / nor will Kitty.

④here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等副词位于句首，主语是名词，谓语动词通常是be, come, go, run, rush, fly, follow, fall等时。如：

Here are my replies to your questions.

There come the rest of the students.