二十四、虚拟语气

概念

虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如：If I were you,I should study English.如果我是你，我就学英语了。

May you succeed!祝您成功！

虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。

⒈ 真实条件句

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。

如：If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

⒉ 虚拟条件句

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。

如：If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）

⒊ 错综时间条件句

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。

如：If you had followed my advice just now you would be better now.

If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.

⒋ if省略句

在条件句中可以省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，变成倒装句式。

如：If I were at school again,I would study harder.

→Were I at school again,I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。

If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus.

→Had you come earlier,you would catch the bus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。