四、语法详解

省略

（一）为了使语言简洁或避免重复，要省略句子的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略。

（二）省略常见情形：

1.在由and连接的句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。

（1）省略共同的主语或宾语。

Mr. Smith picked up a coin on the road and (Mr. Smith)handed it to a policeman.

史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬币，并把它交给了警察。

(2)若主语不同而谓语助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的情态动词或助动词。

Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.

杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽在写作业。

（3）若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。

His advice made me happy,but(his advice made)Jim angry.

他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆很生气。

（4）若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。

I was born in winter 1998 and Bob(was born in winter) in 1989.

我出生于1998年的冬天，鲍勃是1989年冬天。

（5）省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。

He was late because he had overslept and (because he had)missed the train.

他迟到了，因为睡过了头误了火车。

2.状语从句中的省略

（1）在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if/though,as,whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句中主语和be常被省略。

His opinion,whether(it is) right or wrong,would be considered.

他的意见，无论对错，都要考虑。

Errors,if(there are)any, should be corrected.

如果有什么错误，就应当改正。

（2）在as,than,however,whatever,no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。

After two hours she became quieter(than she had been).

两个小时后，她安静多了。

（3）虚拟条件句常省略if,将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。

Should there be a flood(=If there should be a flood),what should we do?

如果发生了洪水我们该怎么办？

Had he taken my advice,he would be a college student now.

如果他早接受我的建议，他现在就是一名大学生了。

（4）有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。

I would have come yesterday(if I had wanted to).

我昨天本来可以来的（如果我想来的话）。

活学巧用

1.单项填空

（1）She hurriedly left the room________.