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2.until 和not...until until 要与延续性动词连用;not...until 要与非延续性动词连用。 Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816,but it was not published until after her death. Jane在1816年完成了她最后一部小说《劝导》,但是这本书在她去世后才出版。 3.since意为“自从……以来”,其后面所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。 It is two years since he joined the army.(他参军两年了。) It is two years since he smoked.(他戒烟两年了。)