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时间 上课

时间 第 周 周

月 日 [ 课题名称 Unit 1 Grammar (1) 　课型 新授课 课时 学习目标 Help the students learn vt. and vi. 学习重点 The differences between vt. and vi. 学习难点 Use the usages into practice. 学法指导 Review , practice and read. 【导学过程】（学习方式，学习内容，学习程序，问题） 　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　 动词种类

一．英语中表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，即：实义/行为动词（National Verb）、系动词（Linking Verb）、

　　情态动词（Modal Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。

　　说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：

We are having a meeting.　

我们正在开会。 (having是实义动词。)

He has gone to New York.　

他已去纽约。 (has是助动词。)

二．行为动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，

　　分别是：及物动词 vt.（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词 vi.（Intransitive Verb）。

　　动词是英语句子的核心,使用时必须注意它有时态、语态和语气的变化！

即：动词注意时、语、气。它既决定着句子意思的表达同时又决定着句子的语法结构。可见研究动词的用法在英语学习中是十分重要的。

1. 分清及物不及物:

　分清及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。它通常有以下几种情况：

（1）及物动词后面直接跟宾语,可以是名词、代词、不定式、动名词或宾语从句。

　　可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"；

　　　　　　　"主＋谓＋双宾"；

　　　　　　　"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构。如：

　　He reached Paris [the day before yesterday].

　　My mother bought me a (new) mobile phone on my birthday.

　　They make TV .

　　No one can foresee what the future will be.

(2)不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语,只用于"主＋谓"结构,后面通常接介词短语或时间状语。

Many challenges lie [ahead of us].

　　This is the room (where his father [once] lived).

(3) 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。

如: begin 都是作"开始"讲。Everybody, our game begins(vi.).

Let us begin(vt.) our game.

contribute 意为"贡献、捐献"。

Many people contributed(vi.) to the development of TV.

They contributed(vt.) much money to the Project Hope.

(4) 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。

这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。

如：grow vi. 生长 vt.　种植；

The flowers (in our garden) grow (vi) [well]. 我们花园里的花生长得好。

People grow rice [in my hometown]. 我们家乡种植水稻。

类似的动词还有beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打;

play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏；

smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅；

ring vi.（电话、铃）响，vt. 打电话；

speak vi.讲话； vt. 说（语言）；

hang vi. 悬挂 vt.绞死；

operate vi.动手术； vt. 操作等。

四．注意辨别表动作与表结果的动词。

表动作的动词强调动作的发生，不涉及该动词的结果。如：

He looked at the blackboard, but he saw nothing.

She listened to the teacher, but she heard nothing.

前一句中的动词强调"看"这一动作；而后一句中的动词表示"看到"这一结果。

类似的有：look for与find; try to do sth.与manage to do sth.；advise与 persuade 等。

五．注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的区别。

(1) 瞬间动词的完成时态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。

常用的瞬间动词：arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize see throw。

He left here ten years ago. He has been away for ten years.

They got married three years ago. They have been married for three years.

　(2)延续动词表示经验、经历；其一般过去时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。

He once worked in Paris for five years.

六．连系动词

1. 表状态的连系动词。

　(1) be动词。如：He is a good teacher. They are good workers.

(2) remain仍然（是）, prove证明（是），keep保持，stand(位于),

lie(位于),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own....等。

It will stay cold for another three days.

2．表示动作或变化的连系动词，是由行为动词转化而来的。一般在这些连系动词后跟形容词作表语如：His hair grows grey.

这类连系动词还有: get, turn, become, go, fall, grow等。

It gets colder and colder in winter. Her face turned red.

3. 感官动词：sound, look, smell, taste, feel等。

4. 表示"显得"或"似乎"等。appear, seem.

He appears stupid. 他显得笨(实际上不笨) 。

七．根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字动词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如：

(1)The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.

　 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。）

(2) Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.

　 学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。）

(3)The young ought to take care of the old.

　 年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。）

八．动词有五种形态：

原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。

如：work-works-worked-worked-working; do-does-did-done-doing.

九．情态动词：表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法的动词，它本身有一定的词义,但必须与行为动词原形连用，给谓语动词增添情感色彩，认为其可能、应该或必要等。

如：can, may, must, could, might, shall, should等。

十．助动词：用来帮助构成一定的时态、语态或否定、疑问句式的辅助性动词。

1. be：am, is, are, was, were, been, being.

　　(1)They are watching TV. (are 表示"正在"，构成现在进行时态).

　　(2) I have been to Beijing. (been 表示"过"，构成完成时态)

　　(3) Is she learning Japanese? (is 表示"正在"，构成现在进行时态的问句形式).

　　(4) Was he killed in the war? (was 表示"被"，构成被动语态的一般问句形式)

2. do: did, does.

　　(1) Do you know? (do表示"吗"，构成一般问句形式)

　　(2) She didn't know. (do是助动词与not 一起构成否定形式)

　　(3) Does he know? Yes, he does. (does是助动词构成一般问句形式与肯定回答)。

3. have：have, has, had.

　　(1) I have finished my homework already. (have表示"已经"，构成现在完成时态)

　　(2) She hasn't come back yet.

(has与not表示"还没有"，构成现在完成时态的否定式)

　　(3) Had he known the secret before you came?

(had与known表示"知道吗"，构成过去完成时态的一般问句形式)

基础落实

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．I found the teacher ________(sit) there，lost in reading.

2．He noticed his mother ________(seat) at the back of the classroom.

3．The book is ________(lie) on the desk.

4．The book ________(lay) on the ground is lost.

5．The leaves are ________ (fall)，which is beautiful.

Ⅱ.单项填空

1．Children under six are not ________ to school except those of extraordinary intelligence.

A．permitted B．admitted

C．accepted D．received

2．The folk song concert was so well ________ that all the tickets had been sold out on the first day.

A．accepted B．recognized

C．received D．promised

3．In just a decade，the company has been ________ from a family business to a large operation.

A．transformed B．transmitted

C．transferred D．transported

4．The middle­aged man said he would accept the job，so we asked him to ________ his acceptance in writing.

A．confirm B．convey

C．convince D．consider

5．Just as Professor Scotti often ________ it，success is ninety­nine percent mental attitude.

A．gets B．makes

C．puts D．means

6．-Will $200 ________ the cost of the damage?

-I'm afraid not.I need at least $100 more.

A．do B．include

C．cover D．afford

7．Such animals as dinosaurs died out because they couldn't ________ to the sudden change of the climate.

A．suit B．keep

C．adapt D．switch

8．Susan was just ________ at those pigeons at the time，so I don't think she saw me.

A．spotting B．watching

C．glaring D．staring

9．-Bob failed in the exam again.

-He ________ it；he never worked hard.

A．deserved B．succeeded

C．missed D．considered

10．I think you ________ very badly toward your mother.

A．observed B．respected

C．behaved D．performed

11．I am delighted to ________ your acquaintance，Mr.Baker.

A．put B．make

C．take D．have

12．When my grandpa was young，he had to ________ several miles a day to school since he had no money to take a bus.

A．cover B．take

C．get D．make

13．Peter didn't do his homework and then he ________ a silly excuse to his teacher.

A．made B．had

C．found D．took

14．They haven't formally________ their engagement yet.

A．accepted B．received

C．admitted D．announced

15．Hearing that most of the members voted against her，she ________ a smile.

A．wore B．managed

C．performed D．controlled