教学课题 人教版高二英语必修5 Unit 4 Making the news（2） 教学目标 知识目标：1. 熟悉过倒装句

2. 快速阅读的方法和策略

能力目标：学会用英语写新闻报道。

情感态度价值观：能够了解新闻制作过程，掌握快速阅读的技巧与策略。 教学重点与难点 重点：熟练掌握倒装句

难点：掌握快速阅读的方法和策略 教学过程

（一） 语法：倒装

知识梳理

一、 概念：

倒装：英语的基本语序是"主语+谓语"。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为"倒装"。 倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。

I. 完全倒装: 整个谓语移至主语前（不用助动词）

II. 部分倒装：把助动词, 系动词或情态动词移到主语之前，即一般疑问句语序。

其结构如下：

完全倒装(谓语动词+主语) Away went the boss．

部分倒装(助动词／情态动词+主语+谓语) Never shall I forget that girl．

注意：

1．语法倒置是必需的，否则就会造成"语法错误"；修辞倒置仅表达效果不同，倒置与否可以是随意的。

2．前置：感叹句(what。how置句首)、the more...the more...句型、引导从句的连词等这都是语法需要。

The harder you work, the happier you feel. 你越努力工作，就越觉得快乐。（表语提前）

The more you study, the more you know. 你学得越多，就明白越多。（宾语提前）

提示： 有时从句倒装，主句不倒装。

I like the painting better the more I look at it. 我越看这幅画，就越喜欢它。

二、倒装的基本用法

1. 部分倒装

类别 基本用法 例 句 部分倒装 1． 在疑问句中

提示：如果疑问代词在句中做主语，句子不要倒装。 Does Jack like to eat fish 杰克喜欢吃鱼吗？

When will they go to the Great Wall?

他们什么时候去长城？

Who is not coming to dinner tonight 今晚谁不来吃饭？ 2．在省去if的虚拟条件句中 Were he here(=If he were here)，you could see him．

假如他在这里，你就能见到他。

Had I known(=If I had known)the answer, I would have told you．我要是知道答案，就会告诉你啦。 3．以only修饰的副词，介词

短语或状语从语放在句首时，

表示强调句时要倒装。如不在

句首或虽在句首但不修饰状语时用正常语序 Only then did I realize the importance of English.

直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。

Only in this way can you make progress in your English.

只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。

Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.

只有他病重时，他才待在床上。

１）在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。

２）only修饰主语，不倒装。

Only Tom knows the answer. 只有汤姆知道答案。 4．在以often，always， then，once，now and then等作状语的词位于句首的句子里 Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone.

我多次看到她独自一人在散步。

Often did she come to my house in the past.

过去她常到我家来。 5．以never，hardly，nor，

seldom，little，not only，not

until，no sooner．．．than等否定词位于句首时要倒装，不在句首则用正常语序 Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain.

他刚要离开，天就下起了雨。

Scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang.

他刚坐下，手机就响了。

No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes. 他刚交卷就意识到出错了。

Not a single word of English can he speak.

他连一个英语单词都不会说。

Little does he care about his clothes. 他不在乎穿着。 6.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。 Pretty though she is, she is not clever．

虽然她很漂亮，但是她不聪明。

Disabled as he was, he tried his best to serve the people.

虽然他残疾了，但他仍尽力为人民服务。

Child as he is, he speaks fluent English. 虽然他是个孩子，但能讲流利的英语。 （名词单数前不用不定冠词a）

Shortest as he is, he is the richest of the three.

虽然他是三个人中最矮的，却是最富有的。

Try as she may, she won't pass it.

尽管愿意再试，她还是不会通过的。

Attentively as I listened, I still couldn't understand what he said at the meeting. 尽管我专心听了，我还是不懂他在会议上说的话。 7.在"so...that..."such...that..."结构中的so或such位于句首时，其主句要倒装。 So excited was he that he could not say a word.

他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。

Such was his anger that he lost control of himself.

他是如此地生气，以至于他不能控制自己了。 8．在某些表示祝愿句中 May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风!

May our friendship be ever lasting! 愿我们的友谊长存！ 【特别提示】注意掌握until的以下三种句式：

1．Jack didn't understand why his mother was angry with him until she told him everything．

2．Not until she told him everything did Jack understand why hi8 mother was．angry with him．

3．It was not until his mother told him everything that Jack understood why his mother was angry with him．

真题演练

1. Unsatisfied _________with the payment，he took the job just to get some work experience．

A．though was he R though he was C he was though D. was he though

2. So sudden ________that the enemy had n0 time to escape·

A. did the attack B the attack did C．was the attack D．the attack was

3.Little________about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself．

A. did Rose care B Rose did care C Rose does care D．does Rose care

4. We laugh at jokes，but seldom _______about how they work．

A. we think B think we C we do think D．do we think'

5. Not until he left his home ________to know how important the family was for him.

A. did he begin B had he begun C．he began D．he had begun

6. We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.

A. we think B. think we C. we do think D. do we think

Key: 1-6 BCADAD

1. 全部倒装

类别 基本用法 例 句 全

部

倒

装 1． 在there be 结构中

可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作这类句型的谓语。 There are thousands of people gathering on the square.

广场上聚集着成千上万的人。

There stand two white houses by the river.

河滨矗立着两座白房子。

There existed some doubt among the students.

学生中有些怀疑。 2．Here/There/Now＋vi.（常为come, go）＋主语（必须是名词）此句型中here/there用来唤起注意 Here comes the bus．汽车来了。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

Now comes my turn. 轮到我了。

Then came the order to take off. 起飞的命令到了。

注意：这种句型不能用现在进行时。

here句中也可用系动词。如：

Here are some story books I want. →Here is what you asked for，or you are looking for.这就是我要的故事书。（我找了好久）

Here we are. This is the station.咱们到了，这就是火车站。

"Give me some paper." "Here you are."

"给我点纸。" "给你。" 3．为了生动地描写动作，in，

out，down，up，over，away，off，back作状语置于句首倒装，但必须是在以名词作主语的句中。 主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come, go, run , rush, etc. 句式为：副词＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）

Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.

老虎从灌木丛里冲了出来。

In came the rose fragrance through the windows.

玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。

Away ran the thief．(注意：Away he ran．)

注意在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序。

Out she went. 她走了。

Here we are. 我们到了。 4．在直接引语后注明引语是何人所说的，且主语是名词时 "They must be in the fields now," thought Xiao Lin.

"他们准是下地了。"小林想道。

"Help! Help!" cried the little girl.

小姑娘叫道："救命！救命！ 5．主语过长，或为了强调表

语、状语或是上下文紧密衔接时

Such was Albert Einstein．a simple mall 0f great achievements．

Such were the facts．事实就是如此。

6．当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常用全部倒装

句式为：介词短语＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。

In the middle of our school stands a high building.

在学校中央有一座高楼。

South of the city lies a big swimming poo1．

From the room came a frightening sound．

At the top of the hill stands an old temple． 7.表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。 句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语（必须是名词）。

Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year. 她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。

Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.

他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。

Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists.

一些知名的科学家出席了会议。 8. .以so开头,用 "so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语"表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为"也，同样，也如此"。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物 Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了，人也变了。

用"neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语"。

1)当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序。意为 "的确，正是"。

-Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力。

-So he does and so do you.的确如此，你也是。

2）倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。

If you don't go，neither/nor shall I.（If you don't go，I shall not go.）你不去，我也不去。

注意：

如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用"It is the same with +主语"结构或用"So it is with +主语"结构。

例句：

He worked hard, but didn't pass the exam. So it was with his sister.

他很努力，但没有通过考试。他妹妹也是这样。（既有肯定又有否定）

She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with Mr Li.

她是老师，热爱教书。李先生也是这样。（谓语一个是系动词，一个是行为动词）

真题演练

1. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.

A. does he even given B. he even gives C. whether D. he will even given

2. - I don't know about you, but I'm sick and tired of this weather.

- _________. I can't stand all this rain.

A. I don't care B. It's hard to say C. So am I I hope not

3. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_______，one of the ten largest cities in China．

A．lies Chongqing B Chongqing lies C does lie Chongqing D．does Chongqing lie

4. For a moment nothing happened then _________and shouting together．

A voices had come B. came voices C voices would come D．did voices come

5. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.

A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie

6. Not until he left his home to know how important the family was for him.

A. did he begin B. had he begun C. he began D. he has began

7. We laugh at jokes，but seldom about how they work．

A．we think B．think we C．we do think D．do we think

8. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.

A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie

9. Only if people of all the countries are united __________________________（我们才能解决）the existing problems in the world. (solve)

10. John opened the door. There _____ he had never seen before.

A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl

Key: 1-5 CCABA 6-10 A D (8.will we be able to solve/can we solve) A D

巩固训练

1. Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent properly in this hospital____________________.

　A. can be the patients B. the patients can be treated

　C. can the patients be treated D. treated can be the patients

2. Not only ____a promise, but also he kept it. A has he made B does he make

C he made D did he make

3. "Never for a second,"the boy says, " that my father would come to my rescue."

　A. I doubted B. do I doubt

　C. I have doubted D. did I doubt

4. Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ____to him again.

　A. I will speak. B. will I speak. C. do I speak. D. I speak.

5. At no time ________the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.

　A. they actually broke B. do they actually break

　C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken

6. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago __ having a holiday abroad.

　A. he had considered B. had he considered

　C. he considered D. did he consider

7. ______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.

　A．If it is not B. Were it not

　C. Had it not been D. If they were not

8. North of Paris ____ the little town of Beauvais.

　A. lays B. does C. does lay D. lies

9. This is not my story, nor ____the whole story. My story plays out differently.

　A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is

10. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _______it a thought.

　A. does he even given B. he even gives

　C. will he even give D. he will even given

11. -----Where is your father? -------Oh,__ _____.

A. here he comes B. he here comes

C. here does he come D. here comes he

12. Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he'd been in last year.

A. he realized B. he did realize

C. realized he D. did he realize

13. ---It's nice. Never before______ such a special drink!

　---I'm glad you like it.

　A.I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I

14. _____, he sat up late writing his book.

A. As he was tired B. Tired though he was

C. Tired as was he D. It is because he was tired

15. Jane won't join us for dinner tonight and________.

　A. neither won't Tom B. Tom won't either

　C. Tom will too D. so will Tom

16. John opened the door. There _____ he had never seen before.

　A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood

　C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl

Key: 1-5 BDDBC 6-10 DCDCC 11-15 BDCBB 16.D

（二）快速阅读技巧

一、跨越生词障碍

　　　跨越生词障碍可以通过猜测词义来解决。猜测词义的方法有很多，比如根据语境、定义标记词（means，refer to，...）、重复标记词（in other words，thatis to say，...）、列举标记词（for example，such as，...） 以及同位语、同义词、反义词或常识等。

　　　除了上述方法外还可根据构词法猜测词义。例如：child-childless（无子女的，－less表示"无......"）， Marx-Marxism（马克思主义，-ism表示"......主义），large-enlarge（扩大，en-表示"使......"），tell-foret ell（预告，fore- 表示"前"），Australian+satellite→Aussate（澳星），state+run→state-run （国有的）等等。

二、克服逐词阅读，养成成组视读的习惯

　　　常见有人阅读时总是一个词一个词地读，且常伴有一些习惯动作：用手指、摆头等，这些都是速读的障碍。成组视读是一种科学的阅读方法。它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组群，目光要尽可能少地停顿。

试做下面训练：

　　　　Four weeks ago/I was late for work.

　　　　/I left my house/five minutes later than usual，/and I saw /my bus coming/toward the bus stop.

　　　　/I began to run，/but I was too slow.

　　　　/I waited ten minutes/for another bus，/and I was gasping for air/when it arrived.

三、跳读和略读

　　　　熟练的阅读者在阅读过程中能根据自己阅读目的、读物内容和文体调整阅读速度，并利用头脑中已有的相关知识，借助尽可能少的文字信息进行选择、推测和推理，必要时还可跳出读物客观地判断作者意图。这便是跳读和略读。跳读和略读的关键是要抓住文章的开头和结尾以及各段的关键词和主题句。主题句可能在各段开头也可能出现在结尾。

（三） 单元写作任务--写新闻报道

一、概念：

　　新闻报道属于应用文。其特点是以事实为依据，对人的经历或事件发生的过程给予明确的、实事求是的报道。

　　新闻报道往往从事件的结局写起，经常采用倒叙的写作手法。

　　新闻报道要交代清楚五个方面的内容，即何时、何地、何人、何事以及发展如何，也就是英文中的when，where，who，what以及how，使叙述做到有因有果，有起有落，给人以完整的印象。交代五大要素时，要力求灵活多样，切忌呆板。例如交代时间，可用时间状语(when we arrived there...)，也可用介词短语(on arriving there...)或用一些时间副词(then...)，只有灵活地交代要素，文章才会生动。

一篇好的新闻报道须做到以下四点：

　　1.标题鲜明引人

　　A Terrible Traffic Accident要比A Traffic Accident好得多，因为用terrible更能引起读者的关注。

　　2语言直载了当

　　The other day, Tom was riding along the street. Suddenly, a car was running towards him fast and hit his bike，and he fell off it．

　　这样的开头直截了当，第一句就交代了新闻文体所要求的几个要素，给人以简洁、明快的感觉。

　　3．真实性、准确性、客观性

　　新闻报道最忌讳虚假和夸大其词，写作时不能为了吸引读者编造虚假的内容，而要通过事实表达想法和观点，应该尊重事实。

　　According to the policeman who dealt with it，not only had the accident caused an economic loss of about 50 000 yuan，but also a serious influence on the traffic，which must have been delayed for over an hour．

　　4．言之有序，思路清晰

　　新闻报道应注意言之有序，无论是说一件事情的始末，还是多项事情的状况，都必须有条不紊，思路清晰。

二、写新闻报道时常用的表达方式：

　　1．陈述观点常用的词组及句式：

　　In my opinion.../It seems to me that.../As far as I know, ...

　　In my opinion，the computer is very necessary for us．

　　以我之见，电脑对我们来说是非常必要的。

　　It seems to me that we should try our best to do it well．在我看来，我们应该尽力做好这件事。

　　As far as I know，the robots are being made cleverer and cleverer．就我所知，机器人被制作得越来越聪明。

　　2.表示原因常用的表达方式：

　　Because+clause

　　Because of/Owing to+n./pron.

　　主句+since-clause

　　They had put off the match because it was raining heavily.因为雨下得很大，他们推迟了比赛。

　　Because of/Owing to the heavy rain，they had to put off the match．由于大雨，他们只好推迟了比赛。

　　3.强调观点常用的词语：

　　Clearly/Obviously

　　Clearly，chemicals in the smoke from power stations cause a lot of damage．

　　显然，发电站散发出的烟雾中的化学物质带来了很大的伤害。

　　4.总结全文，再次陈述自己的观点：

　　In a word / To draw a conclusion...

　　In a word, it is very necessary for us to buy a computer. 总而言之，对我们来说买台电脑是很有必要的。

　　5.开头语

　　...happened/took place/broke out...

　　According to sb./sth....

　　The other day, sb./sth....

　　6.结束语

　　In a word,...

　　To draw a conclusion,...

　　7.连接词或过渡词

　　Because (of)/Owing to...; As a result of...

　　Obviously; Even if/though...; Suddenly; Next...

►即学即练

请根据以下信息写一篇英文报道，内容包括：

人物：英国人查理德.阿维斯（Richard Avis）

出生日期：1974年12月1日

事件：2011年开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日出生的人

目的：理解不同文化中成功人生的含义

相关信息：

●借助当地媒体寻找

●迄今找到32名，其中男性17名，女性15名，来自13个国家

●职业包括政府官员、运动员、司机、教师、艺术家等

●计划40岁生日前找到40位同年同月同日出生的人

●打算根据此经历写一本书

*同年同月同日出生的人：time twin

Richard Avis, a British who was born on December 1st, 1974,____________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

范文：

Richard Avis, a British who was born on December 1st, 1974, has started to look for time twins in the world since 2011 in order to know about different meanings of successful life in different culture. He uses the local media to help himself. So far, he has found 32 people, including 17 men and 15 women from 13 countries. They are government officials, athletes, drivers, teachers and artists. He plans to find 40 time twins before his fortieth birthday and then he intends to write a book according to this experience.