讲 义

　学生：李新隆 任课教师：李莉

教学过程：

Unit2 I'll help to clean up the city parks

1. I'd like to help homeless people. 我想帮助无家可归的人。

homeless是形容词，意为"无家可归的"，由home+后缀-less构成。

【特别提示】：less后缀通常加在名词的后面，构成形容词，表示与原来名词意思相反的形容词。

如：groundless 无根据的，odorless 无气味的，careless粗心的，useless无用的。

2. You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮着打扫城市公园。

①动词help后可以接动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语，这时不定式

help v →helpful

help oneself（to）自用（食物等）。

help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。

with the help of 在......帮助下。

help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。

② clean up是"清除、除去（垃圾、污物）"等，使地方干净。

Please clean up the room after the party. 聚会后把房间打扫干净。

We should clean up the dirty parts of the sea.

我们应该清除海里的污染部分。

③ clean up还可以表示"挣得，赢得（多少钱）"。

He cleaned up a small fortune. 他发了一笔小财。

特别提示：clean oneself up意为"洗干净"。

Your hands are dirty, you'd better clean yourself up.

你的手脏了，你应该洗洗它们。

练习：The woman ___all of her money to charities____ the poor.

　　　A. gave off, to help B. gave up, helping

　　　C. gave away, to help D. gave, helping

3. You could give out food at a food bank. 你可以在食品供应站分发食品。

① give out在这里是"分发"，"散发"的意思。

Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang.

我们的英语老师在铃响的时候分发试卷。

② 另外一个意思为"用完"，"消耗尽"。

After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后，他们的食物供应用完了。

③ 还有一个意思为"发出"，"送出"。

The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太阳能发出热量。

4. He looks sad. Let's cheer him up. 他看上去很伤心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。

　cheer up sb或cheer sb up意为"（使某人）高兴起来，振作起来"。如果是代词做宾语，则将代词放在中间。

例如：Cheer up! The news isn't too bad. 不要发愁啦，这消息不错嘛！

　　He took her to the ballet to cheer her up.他为了使她高兴起来，便带她去看芭蕾舞。

练习：He looks sad . Let's ___ him___.

　　A. cheer , up B. put, up C. set up D. call, up

5. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 我不仅对帮助别人感到很满足，而且我还渐渐地花时间做自己喜欢做的事情。

(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是"不但......而且......"的意思，当置于句首时，not only后面从句的主谓要倒装，但but （also）后面的主谓不用倒装。

e.g.: Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.

他不仅去过加拿大，而且还认识许多加拿大人。

e.g.: Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.

他不仅在学校里教书，而且还写小说。

6. This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment.这份义工每周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间，所以这是一个重大的贡献。

each of them是指"他们中的每一个"。如果做主语，则谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

【拓展】each与every的用法

①each指一个整体中的每一个，强调个体；every着重于全体的总和，强调整体。试比较：

Each has a different book. （强调各有不同。）

Here every child at the age of six can go to school. （侧重整体，无一例外。）

②each可作形容词及代词，而every只能作形容词，但可与-one，-body，-thing等构成复合代词。

③each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接，如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of连接，

e.g.: 不可以说every of them，而要说every one of them或each of them。

④every还可以表示"每隔"，后接基数词加名词，如every four weeks, every three months等，此种结构中的every不能用each代替。

e.g.: She had a rest every five minutes. 她每隔5分钟就休息一会儿。

7. "Don't put it off," says HuiPing."Become a volunteer today!"

"别犹豫"，慧萍说，"今天就来当一名自愿者吧！"

(1) ①put off 意思是"推迟，拖延"。

例：Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事今日毕。

They put off the soccer game because of the rain.因为下雨，他们把球赛推迟了。

You should not put off going to see the doctor. 你不应该拖延去看医生。

②put off还可意为"关掉"，相当于turn off。

例：Please put off the lights before you leave the classroom.在你离开教室前，请关掉灯。

(2) become是系动词，表示"变成，成为"，后面接名词、形容词、过去分词等。

She became famous in her city. 她在她所在城市的成为名人了。

【拓展】become可接介词of，构成what becomes of sb/sth 表示"某人/某事进展如何"。 e.g.: What became of the dreams of our youth? 我们年轻时的理想何在？

【注意】系动词get, turn , grow和become都可表示"变得，感到"，其区别是：

(a) get用于日常用语，后面常跟比较级。

e.g.: The weather gets colder, and the days get shorter. 天气变冷了，白天变短了。

(b) turn指在颜色和性质等方面变得与原来不同。

e.g.: His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。

(c) grow着重变化过程。

e.g.: It's growing dark. 天渐渐地变黑了。

(d) become是指身份、职位的变化，作瞬间动词时，指状态的变化。

e.g.: He became an artist. 他成为了一名艺术家。

8. Jimmy takes after his mother. 吉米的言行举止像他妈妈。

本句中的take after sb 表示"长相或举止像（某个长辈）"，不能用于被动语态。

To my surprise, Jack doesn't take after his father at all.

令我惊奇的是，杰克和他爸爸长的一点儿也不像。

Mary really takes after her mother, she has the same eyes, nose, and hair.

玛丽长得真像她妈妈，眼睛、鼻子和头发一个样。

9. Jimmy has run out of money. 吉米把钱花光了。

run out of意为"用完"，其主语通常是人，表示主动含义，后面跟宾语。

He has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。

I'm afraid we'e run out of petrol.我们的汽油怕是已用完了。

特别提示

run out也是"用完"的意思，其主语通常是被使用的事物，如时间、金钱、食物等，但不用于被动语态，同时其后也不能跟宾语。

His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花完了。

Have you nearly finished? Time is running out. 你快做完了吗？时间快到了。

10. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High Schoolhours give up several hours each week to help others.

来自河畔高中的马里奥、格林和玛丽每周都会花几个小时去帮助别人。

【解析1】give up放弃 give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做某事

①- It's too hard for me to be a trailwalker.

　- Never ________. Believe in yourself!

A. put up B. give up C. hurry up D. look up

② Andrea Bocelli never ____, which makes him a successful singer.

A. takes away B. gives away C. gets up D. gives up

③ Although many great people ever failed, they never____and managed to succeed.

A. set out B. stayed up C. kept on D. gave up

④ The people in Ya'an have met lots of difficulties, but they haven't __________hope.

A. picked up B. given up C. looked for D. waited for

【解析2】several 可作定语，表示"几个"：= a few

例：Several boys were injured. 有几个小伙子伤了。

My friend speaks several languages. 我的朋友能讲几种语言

11. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.

去年，她决定尝试在一个课后阅读项目中做一名志愿者。

【解析】try out 尝试；实验

【拓展】try on 试穿

① We should __________________(尽最大努力)to be happy in the future.

② We should try ___ much fruit.

A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. eats

12. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料

care【名词】小心，关心；take care of = look after →【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事

例：Many students in our school _______ the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses. A.worry about B. care for C. agree with D. take care

【拓展】care的短语总结

take care =be careful v.当心，小心； take care of =look after v.照顾，照料，照看

take care of 处理，做完

练习：Thanks for your invitation, but I'm so sorry I can't go. I need to ______ my baby at home. A. take away B. take off C. take care of D. take out of

13. But I want to learn more about how to care for animals...

但是我想学习更多的关于如何照顾动物的知识

【解析】 ―疑问词+不定式‖作及物动词的宾语，

【记】：I don't know what to do. I don't know how to do it. I don't know what to do with it.

【拓展】 "特殊疑问词 + 不定式" 与 "wh - 从句的转换。

①I don't know what _________(bring) to the party.

②He wanted to know when_________(go).

③- Which dress do you like best, Madam?

- Sorry, I can't decide _____ now.

A. to buy which one B. buy which one C. which one to buy D. which I should buy it.

【重点语法--动词不定式】

make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，

例如：You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.

A. 作主语--为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。

常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. 还有It takes sb. some time to do sth.

B. 作宾语--动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare...常接动词不定式作宾语。

C. 作（后置）定语--常用于"have/has＋sth.＋to do"或"enough＋名＋to do""It's time to do sth."等结构中。

D. 作宾语补足语--tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。

【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to："一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)"。

E. 动词不定式作状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) "为了，目的是"。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。

F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法

常见的有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。

14. I get strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals and the look of joy on their owners' faces. 当我看到动物们变得更好，并且它们的主人的脸上呈现喜悦之情时，我有一种很强烈的满足感。

【解析】(1)so ...that 如此.....以致......

So +adj.+ that"如此......以至...... so后面接形容词、副词

E.g.: He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag.

【解析】(2)such"这样的，这种，如此"，用于修饰名词;

such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day / such an exciting match

such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions; such delicious food

如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：

如：so many sick children/ so little time

【记】名前such,形副so，多多少少（many, much, few, little）都用so。

【2011雅安】17. The girl is ____ a nice girl ____ we all want to help her.

A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. very; that

【2012江苏】Some word puzzles in this book are____difficult that____students can solve

them. A. such; few B. such; little C. so; few D. so; little

【2012广东河源】The teacher speaks very loudly ____ all the students can hear her.

A. so that B. because C. since D. when

【2013江苏常州2】He offered _____ valuable(有价值的）advice that ___ people

disagreed. A.such; a few B. such; few C. so ; a few D. so; few

15. Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.

对于我来说，在这里做志愿工作使我梦想成真。

练习：①______________(实现) your dream through great effort is really cool.

② If we Chinese work hard together. China Dream will ______ .

A. come out B. come true C. achieve

【拓展】与come相关的短语： come and go 来来回回

come back 回来；come over 顺便来访； come up with 想出；come about 发生；

come across 遇见；come out 出来、显露;出版，发表;

16. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean -up Day.

我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。

come up with =think up 想出 catch up with 赶上 追上

【短语】：think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑

【谚语】 Think before you act 三思而后行

【拓展】v+up with构成的短语：catch up with赶上；追上;put u with 容忍；忍得住；

keep up with 跟上；跟、保持联系 end up with 结束；以.......而结束

17. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.

他们给我讲过去的故事，并告诉我过去事情是什么样子的。

【解析】(1) use v.使用→useful adj. 有用的； use up用完

(2) use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事

(3) used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，用于过去时态

(4) be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事

(5) be used to do sth.被用来做某事 = be used for doing sth.

练习：① Studying English is_________(use).

② We use Internet __________(find) information.

③ My mother used_________（tell）us story when we were young.

④ He used to ____short and ____ short hair when he was young.

A. have; be B. be; have C. be; be D. have; have

⑤ My grandpa is used ___________(live) in country.

⑥ Stamps is used ______________(post) letters.

⑦ My brother used to _____ (get) up late, but now he is used to ______ up early.

18. Lucky makes a big difference to my life."幸运"对我的生活产生了很大的影响。

【解析】makes a big difference to 对...有影响；有作用

练习：The heavy snow didn't ___ the international airlines.

A. pay attention to B.add to C. make a difference to D.keep to（固守；遵守；坚持）

19. ... But many people have these difficulties但是很多人有这些困难。

【解析】have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难= have trouble (in) doing sth.

练习：- I have great ____ in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me?

　　　- No problem.

　　　A.fun B.success C.advice D.difficulty

20. I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.

我热爱动物，并且为能拥有一只狗这个主意激动不已。

【解析】be excited about 对......感到激动；对...感到兴奋

excite→ exciting/excited 兴奋的

练习：① We are _____ about the ________news .(excite)

②-What _____ news! -Yes. We are all _____ about it.

A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. exciting; excited

巩固练习：

一、单项选择（同义词转换）。

（ ）1.The child looked sad. Let's cheer him up.

A. happy B. make him happier C. shouted D. give a help

（ ）2.We're going to set up a project to help hungry people.

A. start B. give up C. get up D. turn up

（ ）3.They need to come up with some ideas.

A. think about B. have C. think up D. think over

（ ）4. I'd like to help the kids do their schoolwork.

A. help......doing B. help......with C. give a help D. give a hand

（ ）5. The teacher gave out the books to the students.

　　A. gave up B. gave back C. handed out D. gave in

（ ）6.Don't give up hope. I'm sure things will get better.

A. stop having B. put down C. start D. fall

（ ）7.He came up with a good plan which we all agreed to.

　　A. thought over B. thought more of C. thought up D. thought about

（ ）8.We are no longer students. We should find a job.

　　A. never B. still C. not...any more D. not...any longer

（ ）9. I'm very busy. I'd like to___ kids____ their school work.

　　A. help, to B. helping, with C. help, with D. helping, to

（ ）10.-We need ____ to a plan.-Let's have lunch first.

A. come up B. come up with C. catch up D. catch up with

二、单选

1._______ is difficult to work out the maths problem.

A. This B. That C. It D. Its

2. We decided _______ at the end of this month.

A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D. going

3. They have no paper_______.

A. to write B. to write with C. write on D .to write on

4. Let him _______ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.

A. has B. have C. to have

5. _______the computer is a problem.

A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to use D. Which to use

6. The teacher told us _______in bed.

A. don't read B. read not C. to not read D. not to read

7. The old man was _______angry _______ say a word.

A. so, that B. as, as C. too, to D. very, to

8. Why _______home tomorrow?

A. not go B. not going C. not to go D. didn't go

9. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _______?

A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down

10. It's cold outside. You had better _______ your coat.

A. to put on B. putting on C. puts on D. put on

三、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. It took half an hour _______ (get) to the World Park from Kitty's school.

2. It was interesting _______ (see) so many places of interest from all over the world.

3. They want _______ (save) time by using shorter words and phrases.

4. Kitty's classmate Daniel taught himself how _______ (make) a home page.

5. Things _______ (do) in Beijing.

6. He made the girl _______ (cry) yesterday.

7. He put his photos on it for everyone _______ (look) at.

8. Help him _______ (put) the photos in the correct order.

9. It's time for class. Please stop _______(talk).

10. I'd like _______ (go) to the Temple of Heaven.