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　　2．分词作状语

　　(1)原因状语：分词用作原因状语，通常可转换成原因状语从句。

　　Getting up late (＝As he got up late)，he missed his early train.

　　由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。

　　Greatly encouraged (＝As we were greatly encouraged)，we made up our mind to carry on the hard work.

　　由于受到极大鼓舞，我们决心将艰苦的工作继续下去。

　　[即时训练3]　句型转换

　　①He asked the teacher for help，because he didn't know how to work out the difficult physics problem.

　　→ Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem，he asked the teacher for help.

　　②As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.

　　→Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.

　　(2)时间状语：分词用作时间状语，通常可转换成时间状语从句。

　　Hearing the good news (＝When he heard the good news)，he jumped with joy.

　　听到这个好消息，他高兴地跳了起来。

　　Seen from the hill (＝When it is seen from the hill)，the park looks very beautiful.

　　从山上看，这个公园非常漂亮。

　　[即时训练4]　句型转换

　　①Hearing their teacher's voice，the pupils stopped talking at once.

　　→When they heard their teacher's voice，the pupils stopped talking at once.

　　②When he was asked when he would arrive，he said it was uncertain.

　　→ Asked when he would arrive，he said it was uncertain.

　　(3)伴随状语或方式状语：分词用作伴随状语，通常可转换成并列谓语，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语的动作同时发生。分词用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近，有时可以转换成by doing sth.结构。

Tom lay on the grass，staring at the sky(＝and stared at the sky)for a long time.