人教版五年级上册数学《全册知识点归纳》免费下载38
人教版五年级上册数学《全册知识点归纳》免费下载38第2页

五、简便运算

  整数乘法的交换律、结合律和分配律,同样适用于小数乘法。

  常见乘法计算(敏感数字) :25×4=100 125×8=1000

加法交换律:

0.75+9.8+0.25

= 0.75+0.25+9.8

= 1+9.8

= 10.8 加法结合律:

48.5+0.4+0.6

=48.5+(0.4+0.6)

=48.5+1

=49.5

乘法交换律:

2.5×5.6×0.4

= 2.5×0.4×5.6

= 1×5.6

= 5.6

乘法结合律:

99×12.5×0.8

= 99×(12.5×0.8)

= 99×10

= 990  加法交换律与结合律:

 6.5+0.28+3.5+0.72

=(6.5+3.5)+(0.28+0.72)

=10+1

=11  含乘法交换律与结合律:

2.5×1.25×0.4×0.8

 =(2.5×0.4)×(1.25×0.8 )

 = 1×1

 =1  乘法分配律(提取式):

1.35×12-1.35×2 95.5÷1.6-15.5÷1.6

 = 1.35×(12-2) =(95.5-15.5)÷1.6

 = 1.35×10 = 80÷1.6

 = 13.5 = 50  乘法分配律(添项):

99×25.6+25.6 3.5×8 + 3.5×3-3.5

 = 99×25.6+1×25.6 = 3.5×8 + 3.5×3-3.5×1

 =(99+1)×25.6 = 3.5×8 + 3.5×3-3.5×1

 = 100×25.6 = 3.5×(8 + 3-1)

 = 2560 = 3.5×10

  = 35

 数字换减法式:

 99×2.6

= (100-1)×2.6

= 100×2.6-1×2.6

= 2600-2.6

= 2597.4

数字换加法式:

4.5×102

= 4.5×(100+2)

= 4.5×100+4.5×2

= 450+9

= 459

数字换乘法式:

5.6×125

=(0.7×8)×125

= 0.7×(8×125)

= 0.7×1000

= 700