2019-2020学年译林版高中英语必修3创新教案:Unit 3 Section 4
2019-2020学年译林版高中英语必修3创新教案:Unit 3 Section 4第1页

  

语法点一 宾语补足语     宾语补足语(Object Complement)放在宾语后面,用来补充说明宾语所表示人或事物所发出的动作,或者说明宾语的状态、特性、身份等。宾语补足语可以由不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词)、名词、代词、形容词、介词短语或副词充当。

  (一)使役动词后宾语补足语的用法

  常见的使役动词有:make, have, get, leave, keep。它们都表示"使得",后面可接"宾语+宾语补足语"结构,但用法上有所不同。

  1.make用作使役动词表示"使;使成为"时,可跟复合结构,即"make+宾语+宾语补足语",其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、不带to的不定式、过去分词。

  A good friend is a person who makes you happy.

  好朋友是一个使你快乐的人。(形容词作宾补)

  We made her monitor of our class.

  我们选她做班长。(名词作宾补)

  However, several things combined to make me change my mind.

  然而有好几件事凑在一起,使我改变了主意。(不定式作宾补)

  I had to raise my voice to make myself heard over the loud noise.

  在嘈杂声中我只好提高声音以便别人听清我说的话。(过去分词作宾补)

  [名师点津] 当省略to的不定式作make的宾语补足语,变为被动语态时一定要加上to。

  The boy often makes his little sister cry, but he was made to cry just now.

  那个男孩常常惹得他小妹妹哭,但是刚才他被惹哭了。

  2.have表示"使得......",其后接宾语补足语,常用以下句型:

  (1)have sb.do sth.使/让某人做某事

  (2)have sth.doing sth.使/让某物一直做某事

  (3)have sth.done使/让某事被做;遭遇某种不幸

  We must have the work finished by 10 o'clock.

  我们必须在10点钟之前把工作做完。

  The old man always has his radio playing at home.

  这位老人在家总是开着收音机。

  I had my wallet stolen at the supermarket.

  我的钱包在超市被偷走了。

  [名师点津] get的类似用法:

  get sb.to do sth.     让某人做某事

  get (= have) sth.done 使某事被做

  get sth.doing 使某事物......起来

  Get Tom to buy some fruit.

  叫汤姆去买些水果。

  I can't get the car starting.

  我发动不起车来。

  3.leave作使役动词,表示"使/让......保持某种状态"。

  可用形容词、名词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。

  You'd better leave the living­room door closed.

  你最好关着起居室的门。

  His parents both died last year, leaving him an orphan.

  他父母去年双双去世,留下他成为一个孤儿。

  They walked off and left me sitting there alone.

  他们走开了,让我一个人一直坐在那儿。

  Please excuse me if I have left any of the questions unanswered.

  如果我留下了任何未回答的问题,请多多原谅。

[名师点津] leave用作使役动词,常表示"发生某种状况后,使......保持/处于某种