影像和声音设备的发展

　　电视的早期历史

　　无线电视传输节目于1925年在美国首次公开播出。随后在1928年，英美两国之间第一次实现了远距离电视播送。之后不久便开始定期向公众播放，在纽约的首次开播时间是1928年5月11日，在伦敦的首次开播时间是1929年8月20日。

　　很多不同的人对电视的发展做出了贡献。早期电视大多使用由英国人约翰·洛吉·贝尔德开发的系统。然而，他的系统非常原始，有许多缺点。20世纪20年代末和30年代初，美国人斐洛·法恩斯沃斯在电视的研发上取得了重大突破。现代电视机使用了许多由法恩斯沃斯首先发现的原理。

　　约翰·洛吉·贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。彩色电视节目到1951年才得以在美国定期播出，其间经历了二十多年的时间。到1967年彩色电视节目才在英国定期播出。然而，在短时间内，几乎所有的电视节目都被制作成了彩色的，不到五年，彩色电视机的使用率就超过了黑白电视机。

　　The modern age: satellite TV

　　Satellites were used to broadcast⑱ TV beginning in 1962. Satellites allow TV to be broadcast⑲ live over vast distances, ⑳with everyone receiving the same broadcast at the same time\s\up1(21(21). They also make TV accessible\s\up1(22(22) to people who live far away from cities\s\up1(23(23)， and satellite dishes\s\up1(24(24) can often be seen distributed\s\up1(25(25) throughout the countryside and remote areas. Of course, only a small percentage\s\up1(26(26) of people own satellite dishes. However, most people still benefit from\s\up1(27(27) satellite TV, as local TV companies broadcast the signals they get from satellite receivers\s\up1(28(28) to the population living nearby\s\up1(29(29).

　　Early history of sound recorders

　　It all began in 1877, when Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice on his invention\s\up1(30(30)， the record player\s\up1(31(31). Early record players used round tubes\s\up1(32(32) to record on. However, in 1887 Emile Berliner, a German living in the USA\s\up1(33(33)， invented a record player that used discs\s\up1(34(34) as alternatives to tubes, and so the modern record player was born. The first record players had to be wound up\s\up1(35(35) by hand\s\up1(36(36) and only played records that were two minutes long\s\up1(37(37). Times surely have changed！ ⑱be used to do sth.被用来做某事

⑲to be broadcast是动词不定式的被动语态形式。

⑳with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。

\s\up1(21(21)at the same time同时

\s\up1(22(22)accessible/ək'sesəbl/ adj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理解的，后常搭配介词to。

\s\up1(23(23)who引导定语从句，修饰people。

\s\up1(24(24)satellite dish n．卫星电视碟形天线

\s\up1(25(25)distribute/dI'strIbjuːt/ vt.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销

\s\up1(26(26)percentage/pə'sentIdʒ/ n．百分率，百分比

　a large/small percentage of 大部分/小部分......

\s\up1(27(27)benefit from 从......中受益

\s\up1(28(28)receiver/rI'siːvə(r)/n.无线电接收机；听筒，受话器；接受者

\s\up1(29(29)as引导原因状语从句；在此从句中，they get from satellite receivers是定语从句，修饰signals；living nearby是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the population。

\s\up1(30(30)when Thomas Edison made ...是非限制性定语从句，修饰1877。

\s\up1(31(31)the record player作invention的同位语。

\s\up1(32(32)tube/tjuːb/ n．管子；管状物；伦敦地铁

\s\up1(33(33)现在分词短语living in the USA作后置定语，修饰a German。

\s\up1(34(34)disc/dIsk/ n．唱片；(计算机)磁盘

\s\up1(35(35)wind/waInd/ vt. & vi.上发条；缠绕；蜿蜒，曲折

　wind up上发条

\s\up1(36(36)by hand手工

\s\up1(37(37)that引导定语从句，修饰records。