the predicative. Can you find the sentences with past participles used as the predicative? Finish it in two minutes.

　　(Two minutes later, let the students read these sentences with past participles as the predicative.)

　　S1: Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.

　　S2: He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.

　　S3: He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.

　　S4: They were given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.

　　S5: He found that it came from the river, which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.

　　S6: Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.

　　...

　　Step 4 Practising

　　T: From the sentences mentioned just now, what do you know about the usage of past participles as the attribute and the predicative?

　　S: We use past participles as attributes when we want to join two clauses together.

　　T: Yes, very good. Now let's look at the screen and finish the exercises quickly.

Past Participle as the Attribute Past Participle as the Predicative 1.terrified people

2.reserved seats

3.polluted water

4.a crowded room

5.a pleased winner

6.

7.

8.

9.

10. 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.children who look astonished

7.a vase that is broken

8.a door that is closed

9.the audience who feel tired

10.an animal that is trapped 　　Suggested answers:

　　1.people who are terrified　2.seats which are reserved　3.water which is polluted　4.a room which is crowded　5.a winner who is pleased　6.astonished children　7.a broken vase　8.a closed door　9.the tired audience　10.a trapped animal

　　过去分词作定语, 在语态上, 表被动; 在时间上, 表示动作已经发生或完成, 与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时, 所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语, 过去分词相当于谓语。如: 

　　The destroyed house will be rebuilt next year.

　　这种情况下的过去分词为及物动词的过去分词。 不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独作前置定语, 少数表示状态改变或位置转移的动词的过去分词可前置, 仅表示时间的完成, 无被动意义。而现在分词表示动作正在进行。如: 

falling leaves正在下落的树叶　a developing country发展中国家　the boiling water沸水