S4: Additionally, California's share of Asian immigrants doubled and now accounts for 40 percent of new immigrants in the state.

T: Excellent! These trends have transformed California into the most racially and ethnically diverse state in the country, so that by the year 2000, if not already, no racial group will constitute a majority.

Step Ⅱ Suffixation

First, ask the students to show their collected suffixes. Ask them to review the function of verbs, nouns and adjectives. And then ask them to fill in the charts with the proper forms of the words by practicing Activity 1 on page 4. At last, check the answers with the whole class.

T: Today we're going to learn about suffixes. Do you know what a suffix is?

S1: A suffix is a particle, which is added to the end of a root.

T: Good. Do you know anything more about it?

S2: Generally, suffixes do not change the meaning of the root, but its part of speech. e.g. lead (v.)→leadership (n.) ill (adj.) → illness (n.)

S3: Although each suffix has its own meaning, it can't be used separately without the root.　　

S4: However, some suffixes add new meanings to the newly formed words. e.g. meaning → meaningless think → thinker

T: Very good! Now who'd like to share your collected suffixes with us?

Ss: The following are some of the most commonly used suffixes.

1. Suffixes used as a noun signifier

Verb Adjective Suffix Noun

read -er reader

act -or actor

train -ee trainee

build -ing building

attend -ance attendance

punish -ment punishment

invent -tion invention

sick -ness sickness

special -ist specialist

true -th truth

2. Suffixes used as an adjective signifier

Noun Verb Suffix Adjective

wind -y windy

hope -ful hopeful

adventure -ous adventurous

hero -ic (-ical) heroic

nation -al national

care -less careless