【相关链接】

by 为prep. (表示方法、手段)靠；用；通过。

by sea "乘船";

by land "由陆地"；

by hand "手工"；

by mouth "口头（上）"；

by no means by chance/ accident "偶然"；

by phone /fax 通过电话/传真；

by mistake "由疏忽所致"；

by weight/ volume "按重量/体积"；

by way of "经......，由......"；

by the way "顺便说；顺便问一下"；

by oneself "独自"；

by then "到那时"；

by hundreds "数以百计"。

活学巧用

3.1)完成句子

（1）I met mary _________ (偶然地) yesterday.

答案:by accident/chance

(2)_________ (有可能) that you will be chosen.

答案:By any chance

2)单项填空

（1）We can't travel through the forest _________ road, because there aren't any roads.

A.in B.on C.by D.at

提示:句意为"我们不能穿过森林通过道路......"by road "通过道路"。

答案:C

（2）Mary improved her English greatly _________ the means _________ reading English every day.

A.in; of B.with; by

C.by; of D.in; by

提示:by the means of "通过......的方式"。

答案:C

4.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛

【典型例句】

Mandy felt as if they were ganging up on her.

曼迪觉得他们好像合伙对付她。

You made it sound as if you have to go without food for days on end.

你的话听起来好像在说你不得不连续几天不吃东西。

I remember the whole thing, as if it happened yesterday.

我仍从头至尾记着这件事，好像它是昨天发生的一样。

【知识小结】

as if 相当于 as though 似乎；好像；仿佛；既可引导真实语气，又可引导虚拟语气。