Born a free man, he was now in chains. (让步状语)

尽管生为自由人，他现在却戴上了镣铐。

(2) 过去分词构成的独立主格结构。如：

He rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat.

他满脸是汗跑了进来。

His work finished, he prepared to go home.

干完活，他准备回家。

也可用with复合结构

He was lying with his eyes shut.

他躺在那里，闭着眼。

(3) 不定式，-ing 形式和-ed 形式的区别

不定式表未来的或后于谓语动词动作；-ing 表正在进行或与谓语动作同时进行的动作；-ed 表已完成的动作。如：

The building to be built next month will be our dormitory.

下月建的楼将是我们的宿舍。

The building being built now will be our dormitory.

正建的楼将是我们宿舍。

The building built last year will be our dormitory.

去年建的那楼将是我们宿舍。

3. Ask Ss to choose the best answer to the following sentences.

(1) alone in a dark room, the little girl was so frightened as to cry loudly.

A. Leaving B. Left C. Being left D. To be left

(2) The flowers sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A. smell B. starting C. smelt D. to be smelt

(3) The project is designed in this way and once , nothing can be done to change it.

A. starts B. starting C. started D. having started

(4) Anna was watching a cartoon, completely to the outside world.

A. having been lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost

(5) Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone to the system,

　so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.

　A. adding B. to have added C. to add D. added

(6)- Why didn't you go to see the play?

　　- the whole story, I decided not to see it.

A. Being told B. I had been told

　　C. Having told D. Having been told

(7) Many of the crimes have gone , because some people dare not report them to the police.

A. unnoticing B. unnoticed C. to be unnoticed D. to have been unnoticed

(8) A communicative satellite as much as 3.5 tons was sent up into space last week.