selfish.

　　Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied his cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

　　There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.

　　The core of what children's minds have and chimps don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a "we", a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.

3.What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?

A. Chimps seldom care about others' interests.

B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.

C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors' food.

D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.

4. Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they ______.

A. have the instinct to help others

B. know how to offer help to adults

C. know the world better than chimps

D. trust adults with their hands full